Causes of Financial Globalisation and Its Consequences on Developing Essay

Causes of Financial Globalisation and Its Consequences on Developing Countries - Essay Example According to Sergio (2004), in the last one hundred years, only a few countries and sectors participated in financial globalization by which capital flows tended to follow migration and was generally directed toward supporting trade flows. Capital flows took the form of bonds, and the flows were of a long-term nature. International investment was dominated by a small number of freestanding companies, and financial intermediation was concentrated in a few family groups. The international system was dominated by the gold standard, in which gold was used to backed national currencies. The turn around things came at the heals of the effects of the first world war and the great depression that saw governments reversed their position on financial globalization, and were now imposing capital controls in order to regain monetary policy autonomy with the 1950s and 1960s witnessing the lowest capital flows. This all happened because the Bretton Woods had dominated the international system and used a system of fixed but adjustable exchange rates, limited capital mobility, and autonomous monetary policies that seriously affected the developing counties. But the developing countries saw the light of day when the 1973 oil crisis shock the international community and at that time, the Bretton Woods system of fixed exchange rates break down giving the leeway for international banks with fresh funds to invest in developing countries mainly in the areas of financing public debt in the form of syndicated loans. Developing countries at that time were able to open up new avenues for capital mobility while at the same time maintaining their autonomous monetary systems.

Hollywood in the 1970s choose one question to answer from below Essay - 1

Hollywood in the 1970s choose one question to answer from below - Essay Example An era perceived as post-classical Hollywood came into being after retrenchment and recuperation took place (Hillier, 1993). This introduced new stylistic methods aimed at focusing on issues of women and society, marked by industrial restructuring, new cinema presentation modes, as well as aesthetic transformations (Kolker, 1980,2000 ). Hollywood movies exhibited the issues of feminism early in the 1970s informing the public by using movies like Women’s Liberation, Vietnam War as well as Movement of Civil Rights and many others. The 1970s era saw a great increase in movies dealing with feminist related themes, creating awareness and a new level of women roles in the film industry (Kolker, 1980,2000 ). Women taking lead roles in films became prominent, showing how women had recognized their importance and wanted to eliminate the gaps and difference created in society between them and men particularly noted as portrayed in many movies of Hollywood. (Williams, 2006). The movies as well tried to eradicate the traditional notion that females acted on films only purposely to fulfil men’s sexual desires. (Hillier, 1993). This act of portraying females is seen being particularly more pronounced in so many popular movies of Hollywood. (Corrigan, 1991) Bonnie and Clyde (1967) and Alice Doesn’t Live Here Anymore (1974) both depict the current changing position of women in Hollywood. Bonnie and Clyde puts a strong emphasis on women, in an era dominated by men. Alice Doesn’t Live Here Anymore, reflects on Alice playing multiple roles in an attempt to gain independence from male characters as well as accomplish self-realization. Emphasizing the common treatment of women and men were considered products of the new feminism wave launched in Hollywood, (Wood, 1986) making both movies to win awards. Bonnie and Clyde puts a focus on an era when feminist issues like sexuality became more pronounced in